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THE GLORY OF NEW YORK: 

A DISCO U RSE 

ON 

THANKSGIVING DAY, 

.Uovemher 2Gth, 187 A. 



REV. E. P.^OGERS, D. D 



'A citizen of no mean city."— Acts xxi. 31. 



y^^ 



NEW YORK: 

UNITED STATES PUBLISHING COMPANY, 

No. 13 University Place. 

1874. 
To be had of all Booksellers, $5.00 per hundred. See advertisement last page of Cover. 



I 



THE GLORY OF NEW YOEK: 



A DISCOURSE 



Scliiieri>d in Hit ^oiitlt llefornuvd ^lunirlt 



THANKSGIVING DAY, 



.Yovcmhcr SOth, 1S7A. 



BY 



EEY. EJ'PFEOGERS, D. D 



/■ 
^ 



t-' 



h 



"A citizen of uo mean city." — Acts xxi. 31. 






NEW YORK: 
UNITED STATES PUBLISHING COMPANY", 

No. 13 University Place. 
1874. 

To be had of all Booksellers, $2.50 per hundred. See advertisement next to Discourse. 



V 

> 



Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1S74, by the 

UNITED STATES PUBLISHING COMPAJMY, 

In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. 






1. 



John F. Trow & Son, 

printers and bookbinders, 

205 to 213 East Twel/tJi Street, 

New York. 



THANKSGIVING DISCOURSE. 



"J. citisen of no mean city.'''' — Acts op the Apostles xxi. 39. 

These words were spoken by the Apostle Paul when he 
was attacked by a mob in the city of Jerusalem, and was 
about to be committed to prison by the Roman officials on 
a charge of being a disturber of the public peace. 

When he was asked if he were not a certain foreigner, 
who on a previous occasion had headed a party of assassins 
and given the government great trouble, he earnestly repu- 
diated the charge, and stated who and what he was. 

"I am no foreigner," he said, "such as you describe; 
no disorderly and revolutionary leader of a band of cut- 
throats, I am a Jew by birth, and I am a native of a city 
well known to you all — a city of which I have no cause to 
be ashamed. I am a man which am a Jew of Tarsus, a city 
in Cilicia, a citizen of no mean city : and I beseech thee suf- 
fer me to speak unto the people." 

This appeal produced the desired effect, and Paul was 
permitted to address the people, and was protected by the 
authorities from the popular violence until his case could 
be investigated in an orderly way by the regular tribunal. 

Tarsus, the city which the Apostle spoke of as his birth- 
place with a pardonable pride, was the metropolis of Cilicia, 
in Asia Minor, and was a place of very considerable impor- 
tance. 

It was a distinguished seat of Greek philosophy and lit- 
erature, and from the number of its schools and its cele- 
brated scholars, it ranked by the side of Athens and Alex- 
andria. The Emperor Augustus made it a free city. At 
the beginning of the fourteenth century it was still a city 
of importance ; and even now, though very insignificant in 
comparison with its former greatness, it has a population oi 
about thirty thousand, principally Turks. 



4 THANKSGIVIISTG DISCOUESE. 

Every riglit-tliinking man will sympathize witli tlie Apos- 
tle in tlie noble patriotic sentiment of liis heart, which 
expressed itself in the eulogy which he pronounced upon 
his native place, Walter Scott' s famous lines, 

" Breathes there the man with soul so dead 
Who never to himself hath said, 
This is my own, my native land,'''' 

have been so often quoted that they have become trite and 
hackneyed, yet they only re-echo the noble sentiment of St. 
Paul. 

Though it may be too much to claim for patriotism that 
it is purely a Christian virtue, yet surely it is a virtue on 
which Christianity looks with ajjproval, and the exercise of 
which it always encourages. 

The Providence of God arranges for each man, according 
to His own inscrutable discriminations, the place and the 
circumstances in which he shall enter upon life. And al- 
though no man need be ashamed of his country or liis an- 
cestry, who has no reason to be ashamed of himself, yet it 
is a legitimate subject of thanksgiving to our Heavenly 
Father that He has chosen to order the cu'cumstances of 
our bii'th advantageously for us — and so as to surround us 
with the most favorable influences for our training and de- 
velopment. 

I confess to you that I have often thought of the language 
of St. Paul as applicable to those of us who, like myself, 
are native citizens of this metropolis. 

Every such person can certainly say, ' ' / am a citizen of 
no mean city.'''' 

Whatever else may be said of New York, it certainly can- 
not be said to be "« mean city ;'''' and I feel disj)osed to 
devote this occasion to such a sketch of its history and pro- 
gress as may at least Justify us in making it a subject of our 
thanksgiving to-day that we are New Yorkers by birth or 
by adoption. 

There is a great deal said, with more or less Justice, about 
the poverty and crime, the ignorance and corruption, on one 
hand, and the luxury, extravagance, and dissipation on the 
other, which characterize different classes in this city ; and 



TIIANKSGIVIlSrG DISCOURSE. 5 

doubtless many good people in tlie rural districts, and in 
remote parts of our land, may think oi; New York as a 
dreadful place — a second Sodom — where crime and corrup- 
tion are always ramj)ant, and life and proj)erty always in 
danger. 

But there is another side to the picture. 

There is a great deal about the history of this city ; its 
wondrous growth ; its commercial progress ; its develop- 
ment in all the elements of greatness — material, social, phi- 
lanthropic, artistic, educational, and religious— of which we 
may be pardonably proud, and for which its citizens should 
be profoundly grateful. 

There are a number of elements which go to make up 
what . may be called the glory of a city. Its site and natu- 
ral resources, its sanitary and police regulations, its pro- 
gress in material wealth and power, its architectural style 
and embellishments, its magnetism in drawing to itself what 
may contribute — whether of bone and muscle, or brain, or 
character, or capital — to its growth, progress, and influence ; 
its selection and assimilation of the different races of man- 
kind, each bringing its individual contribution to the com- 
mon stock ; its energy, enterprise, and thrift ; its large and 
liberal policy ; its intelligence, virtue, and religion ; its 
patronage of the useful and ornamental arts ; its philan- 
throx^ic and benevolent institutions and agencies ; — all these 
are the elements of its glory, the stars in its crown. 

Jefferson was not right when he said that large cities were 
the ulcers on the body politic. There must, of course, be 
found tliere much of the dregs and the scum of society, and 
forces that are potent for evil as well as potent for good. 
But there is a great deal said of the superior virtue of a 
rural population, which is not warranted by facts. And 
there is a great deal that is good and great and glorious 
about large cities, tliough it is fashionable to abuse them 
and to represent them only as hotbeds of vice and sinks of 
corruption, or luxury and extravagance. 

New York itself has been one of the best-abused cities in 
the world. 

As a son of ISTew York, and as a minister of the first 
Christian church ever established on Manhattan Island, I 



6 THAlSTKSGIVIlSrG DISCOURSE, 

feel that I sliall not violate, but ratlier lionor, the proprie- 
ties of this Annual Thanksgiving Day, if I pay some grate- 
ful tribute to the goodness of God' s Providence in the his- 
tory of my native place, and try to show to you that every 
one of its citizens may say vnth the great apostle, ^'- 1 am a 
citizen of no mean city.'''' 

Had Capt. Henry Hudson, when he steered the good 
ship the Half -Moon into the bay of Manhattan, on the 12th 
of September, 1609, two hundred and sixty-five years ago 
seen as in a vision this goodly city as it stands to-day upon 
this island, the metropolis of this western world, we can 
scarcely imagine the astonishment which would have stu'red 
and overwhelmed the mind of the worthy Englishman. 
Had Governor Peter Minuits been told that the island, 
which in 1626 he purchased from the Indians for the sum 
of $24, would, in two hundred and fifty years, be worth in 
real and personal property, the astounding sum of more 
than one thousand millions of dollars, he would probably 
have considered it a better investment than it appeared to 
be then. And yet, strange to say, such is the law of the 
increase of money, that if this $24 had been invested on 
compound interest at that time, and had doubled itself in 
every ten years, and been subject to no losses nor deduc- 
tions, it would have approximated very nearly, if it would 
not have equalled, the entu-e value of the real and j)ersonal 
property of Manhattan Island to-day. 

In taking, as we propose, a bird's-eye view of the prog- 
ress of the city of I^ew York in the two hundred and 
sixty-five years since the discovery of this island, we begin 
with noting the increase of its population. 

The city now comprises Manhattan Island and a part of 
Westchester County. This island is fourteen and a half 
mUes long, and from one to two miles wide, comprising in 
all about 14,000 acres, divided into 141,486 city lots, of 
wliich about 60,000, or less than one-half, are built upon. 

In 1623, Sarah Rapelje, the first white native of this 
island, was born. Twenty-three years afterwards, in 1656, 
there were 120 houses and 1,000 inhabitants. The whole 
population of New York in 1656 could have been comfort- 
ably seated in this church ! 



THANKSGIVING DISCOUESE. 7 

In 1700 the city contained 750 houses and about 4,300 in- 
habitants—so that the entire population 174 years ago 
could have been gathered almost within the walls of our 
Academy of Music. The following has been the increase 
since then : 1656—1,000 ; 1756—10,381 ; 1800—60,489 ; 1850 
—515,394; 1860—814,254. 

The present po^Dulation may be estimated at something 
like one million ; and if we embrace in our estimate the 
Metropolitan Police District, which contains the counties 
of New York, Kings, Westchester, and Richmond, with 
a part of Queens, the population is not far from 1,300,000 ! 

Within the lifetime of a large number of our citizens, 
and of several of the members of this church, the popula- 
tion has increased from sixty thousand to more than a 
million of souls ! 

When we remember that the immense population which 
lies around this city, embracing Brooklyn, Staten Island, 
a large portion of New Jersey, Connecticut, and the east 
and ^vest banks of the noble Hudson, amounting to mil- 
lions, owes its existence in great part to, and is more or 
less tributary to, and dependent upon it, it is not too much 
to say that the growth of this city is unequalled in the 
history of the world, and that in this respect we are citi- 
zens ''^ of no mean city ! ' ' 

The next item in the sum of our greatness to which I 
direct your attention is tlie enormous increase in the ma- 
terial icealth of the city. 

I once heard a lady connected with this congregation, 
and who w^as living within live or six years, say, that she 
remembered an apple orchard in full bearing on the corner 
of Broadway and Duane street. Real estate has appreci- 
ated somewhat since that time. 

When I was a boy, a merchant w^ho paid more than a 
thousand dollars rent for his store, or five hundred for his 
residence, was considered a very extravagant man, and one 
to whom it was hardly safe to give credit. 

We have made some progress since that day. 

When this church was built, not thirty years ago, the 
ground on which it stands was purchased for $20,000. It 
has since been valued at twenty times that sum ! Two 



8 THANKSGIVING DISCOUESE. 

liundred and fifty years ago this whole island was pur- 
chased for $24, which was probably thought a good sale at 
the Real Estate Exchange of that day. In 1805 the valua- 
tion of property in the City and County of New York was 
nearly $26,000,000. In 1825 it was over $100,000,000. In 
1835 it was nearly $220,000,000. In 1855 it was nearly 
$500,000,000. In 1865 it was more than $600,000,000. And 
in 1875 it will probably exceed $1,100,000,000 ! 

The taxes on proi3erty in this city in 1805 were less than 
$130,000. At this date they are more than $30,000,000. 

And what a splendid city in its architecture ours is 
rapidly coming to be. The commercial warehouses, the 
public buildings, the homes of the people, are on a scale of 
grandeur, beauty, and comfort beyond any that the world 
has ever seen. 

Fifty years ago the large majority of the citizens of New 
York lived below Cortlandt street and Maiden lane, and in 
very different dwellings from those which we now inhabit. 
The most magnificent portion of our city now, was then the 
open country, with farms and gardens and forests. 

The old house No. 1 Broadway, was a famous mansion. 
During the Revolution it was occupied by Lord Howe and 
Sir Henry Clinton ; near by was Governor Jay's stone 
mansion ; while far out in the country, at the foot of what 
is now Thirteenth street. Gov. George Clinton had his im- 
posing residence. With what st.ately progress has the march 
of improvement advanced up that wonderful Broadway ; 
establishing its headquarters of wealth and fashion at dif- 
ferent points ; first, just above the City Hall, then sending a 
detachment over to East Broadway, thence marching up to 
Bleecker and Bond streets, thence to Union Square, which 
was considered the ne plus ultra of elegance, thence to 
Madison Square, and now on to the Central Park and the 
magnificent Boulevards which stretch beyond. 

It was the boast of a Roman Emperor that he found 
Rome brick, and left it marble. Such is the boast of our 
days. The greater part of the j)opulation of New York are 
better lodged to-day than were the monarchs and nobles of 
the old world three hundred years ago ! 



THATSTKSGIVIlSrG DISCOURSE. 9 

The Itidory of flie commerce of tills x^ort is also remarli- 
dble In its testimony of jprogress. 

The first vessels which anchored in the waters of Noi'tli 
America were insignificant barlvs, scar(;ely as large as many 
a gentleman's x^i^^^sure yacht in onr clay. Yerrezano, w^lio 
was probably the first white man who ever trod the soil of 
Manhattan Island, sailed hither in the Dauphin, a vessel 
of not more than twenty tons. Sir Martin Frobisher, who 
gave his name to the straits on the north-east portion of 
North America in 1572, commanded two vessels of twenty 
and fifteen tons ; and Sir Hnmphrey Gilbei't, in 1596, 
crossed the Atlantic in a vessel of ten tons. Henry Hnd- 
son's shallop was of eighty tons. Compared with these the 
magnificent steamers which ply on the ferries between New 
York and Liverpool, Havre, and Hamburg, show some 
progress in the art of shipbuilding and in the demands of 
commerce. 

It would take a string of such vessels as Sir Humphrey 
Gilbert's, twenty-four miles long, to equal the tonnage of 
the City of Pelcln alone. 

It would take 50,000 vessels of the size of Henry Hudson's 
Half -Moon, to amount to the tonnage of the 8,631 vessels 
of all descriptions which entered the port of New York in 
1873, the whole amount of such tonnage being 4,087,261 
tons ! 

Some idea of the commerce of this city may be gathered 
from the fact that for the year 1872 the imports from for- 
eign countries into the port of New York were $432,106,686, 
being more than three times the amount imported in the 
year 1851. Our exports for last year were $348,905,066. 
Can any city in the world make such a showing as this % 

But two hundred and fifty years ago this was a savage 
island, and now, in a single year, the port of New York 
gathers into its bosom more than four hundred and thirty 
millions worth of the varied products of the globe ! 

The amount of banking capital in this city, exclusive of 
private bankers, is not far from $100,000,000. Transactions 
of the Clearing House, in twenty years, $389,233,678,096.42. 
And the deposits in forty-four savings banks, in 1874, 
amounted to $170,998,796. The number of depositors in 



10 THANKSGIVING DISCOURSE. 

tliese in tliis city is more than 479,000— about one-liali of its 
entire j)opnlation — and tlie average amount due to each de- 
positor is $360. 

When we remember that savings banks are institutions 
principally for the benefit of the poorer classes, tliese figures 
are very remarkable ; and a city where this class of people 
have laid up $170,000,000 is surely ''no mean city:' 

The statistics of insurance in this city also bear their testi- 
mony to its wonderful progress. The mere statement of the 
figui'es is most impressive. The amount of premiums re- 
ceived during the past year by the Marine and Fire Insur- 
ance Companies in the city was more than $35,000,000. 
The amount received by the various Life Insurance Com- 
panies was nearly $50,000,000, exclusive of interest. Surely 
a city which receives annually, for tliis one interest, the 
sum of $90,000,000, may be called " no mean city:' 

A glance at the statistics of the Post-Office in this city 
will add to the testimony already presented of the glory of 
New York. 

There is now living near this city a man who once was ac- 
customed to carry the entii'e Southern mail from New York 
in a single bag, which he easily carried in Ms hand to the fer- 
ry.* That mail alone at this day weighs several tons. The 
number of persons employed in the postal business of the 
city is now upward of 1,100. The annual receipts of the 
Post-Office are $2, 774, 077. 80. The number of city letters and 
postal cards delivered yearly within the city limits is more 
than 32,000,000. The number of foreign letters sent out 
and received by this office in a single year is 16,078,872. 
The number of letters sent to and received from different 
offices in this country amounts to 100,000,000 annually. 
The number of newspapers which pass annually through 
this office is nearly 110,000,000. The Money Order Depart- 
ment, which is comparatively in its infancy, amounts to 
more than $3,000,000 annually. These astounding figures 
need no comment. They declare, with emphasis, that New 
York is ''no mean city:' 

Should it be asked, what is done for the cause of Educa- 

* He has died since the delivery of this discourse, a3t. 84. 



THANKSGIVII^G DISCOURSE. 11 

tion in this city, the answer would only add to the illustra 
tions already given of the glory of New York. 

The four great public libraries of the city contain 300,000 
volumes, and do a grand educating work for our citizens. 
The Cooper Union, with its library, reading-room, lecture 
halls, and various schools of science and art, for seven years 
has been the monument of the illustrious citizen whose name 
it bears, and educates 1,000 pupils annually. 

The public-school system of this city originated in 1805. 
The first school was opened with forty scholars. What won- 
derful progress has been made in these seventy years ! The 
number of scholars now in the public schools, including the 
corporate charities, is 236,453 ! 

The number of school-houses is 109. They average in size 
50 by 100 feet, and are three and four stories high. The 
ground on which they stand cost over $3,000,000, and the 
buildings have cost $5,647,000 ! 

There was expended last year for school education 
$3,479,000, being no less than fourteen dollars a year for 
each pupil ! 

In addition to these, we must reckon the vast ^number of 
private schools ; the colleges ; the schools of law, medicine, 
and divinity; the schools of science and art, and we find that 
the aggregate of money devoted to the purposes of educa- 
tion in this city swells to the enormous amount, if we in- 
clude the interest on the cost of school property, of at least 
$5,000,000. 

Surely a city that spends five millions a year for the edu- 
cation of its youth may well be called ' ' no mean city ! ' ' 

And now the question must be. What are the records of be- 
nevolence and religion in this great city ? Are they on a scale 
corresponding to those which we have already described ? 

And first as to the churches. 

The first church ever organized in this city, in 1628, first 
worshipped in the loft of a mill ; but in 1642, a stone church, 
72 by 50, was built within the fort on the Battery. There 
the congregation worshipped till 1693, when the first Garden 
Street Church was built. The corporate name of this church 
is still "The Reformed Protestant Dutch Church in Grarden 
Street, in the city of Xew York." 



12 TIIAlSrKSGIVIN-G DISCOURSE. 

There are records of the first church from 1639. 

For more than fifty years there was no other church in 
this city. In 1697 the first Episcopal church was built where 
Trinity now stands. The first Presbyterian church was 
built in 1719, in Wall Street, near Broadway. The first 
Baptist, in 1760, in Gold Street between Fulton and John ; 
and the first Methodist, in John Street, in 1768. 

In 1785 there where nine churches in the city, to a popu- 
lation of 23,000. In 1873 there were 470 churches and mis- 
sion stations, to a pojDulatiou of 900,000. So that the church 
accommodation has kept pace with the population in a very 
even and regular way. 

The value of the church buildings and property is now 
about $30,000,000, and the amount annually expended for 
their support is about $3,000,000— about one-twelfth of what 
is spent in the grog-shops of the city every year. 

When we come to speak of the charities of I^ew York, 
"their name is legion." Institutions for the relief of the 
poor, the sick, the widow, the orphan, the aged, the friend- 
less, and the stranger abound. 

There are more than four hundred of these benevolent 
and philanthropic institutions and agencies supported by 
the free contributions of the Christian community, and scat- 
tering blessings in the path of the poor and the lowly. We 
cannot enumerate them all, but among them are 80 for the 
relief of the poor ; 12 asylums for the aged ; 28 dispensaries ; 
28 hospitals ; 31 homes for various classes of the needy ; 31 
institutions for poor children ; 13 orphan asylums ; 15 re- 
formatory institutions ; and a vast number of other agencies 
whose ol)ject is to do good to the needy, both for the body 
and for the soul. 

The amount of money expended by these institutions an- 
nually is more than two and a half millions of dollars. 

But the amount of personal labor freely given by our citi- 
zens, and especially by the Christian women of our city, 
cannot be computed in dollars and cents, and will never be 
knoAvn till the day when all things shall be revealed. 

In addition to these agencies for good, there (Centre in this 
city many great societies, like the American Bible Society, 
the American Tract Society, the various Home and Foreign 



THANKSGIVING DISCOURSE. 13 

Missionary Societies of tlie different Christian denomina- 
tions, tlie American Seamen's Friend Society, and others 
whose annual income from tlie benevolent contributions of 
their friends has amounted in one year to $0,000, ()()() ! 

Let me speak here of two of tlie wisest and best of the 
charities of New York. The Association for Improving the 
Condition of the Poor of our City, in the thirty years of its 
existence has relieved more than 200,000 families and dis- 
tributed nearly $1,500,000. The Children's Aid Society, 
whose important work is rescuing friendless children from 
the streets, and providing comfortable homes for them at 
the West, in twenty years has gathered into such homes 
more than 28,000 children, and expended for their benefit 
$1,250,000! 

From this brief and very imperfect sketch of the progress 
of New York in two hundred and fifty years, from a hand- 
ful of settlers on a savage island, to a magnificent city, dis- 
tinguished for such a growth in population, commerce, 
monetary power, education, benevolence, and religion, as 
has never been equalled in the history of the world, may we 
not say that we are citizens '"'' of no mean cltyy 

May we not count i't a legitimate subject of thanks to-day, 
that God has made our home in this metropolis of the great 
western world ? 

How thoroughly this city of ours has been identified with 
every great discovery and invention, which during the last 
half century has added so much to the progress, wealth, and 
comfort of the world ! The names of Fulton, Mokse, and 
Field alone — men whose fame is cosmopolitan — will always 
give lustre to her history. 

Indeed, the names of the distinguished sons of New York 
form a galaxy of light which brilliantly illuminates the 
pages of her records. 

Statesmanship and patriotism still make grateful mention 
of Hamilton, Clinton, Jay, Livingston, Varick, Benson, and 
Rutgers. Jurisprudence commemorates a Kent, a Hoffman, 
a Griffin, an Ogden, a Lord, a Slosson, and a Noyes. Medi- 
cine sx)eaks in terms of eulogy of Bard, Hosack, Mott, Fran- 
cis, and Reese. Science and art speak proudly of Hosack, 
Torrey, Chilton, Renwick, Griscom, Joslyn, Fulton, Morse, 



14 THANKSGIVIISTG DISCOURSE. 

Jarvis, Diirand, Inman, Kensett. Theology still reveres 
the memory of Livingston and Linn, Mason and Rogers, 
Moore and Hobart, Asbury and Foster, Spring and Bethune, 
Alexander and DeWitt. Commerce boasts her Morris and 
Astor and Bayard and Boorman and Minturn and Steward 
and Griswold and Grinnell. A city with such names en- 
graven on her rolls, to say nothing of the distinguished men 
now living, is surely '''•no mean city.'''' 

I have scarcely time to advert to the externals of our city. 

Her position at the confluence of these noble rivers ; her 
splendid harbor, affording safe anchorage for the navies of 
the world ; her magnificent warehouses, her fine avenues, 
her houses replete with more conveniences and comforts 
than the dwellings of any people in the world ; her public 
libraries, her museums of science and art ; her imperial 
Park, unequalled by any in Europe ; her splendid churches ; 
her unfailing supply of pure water fiowing through three 
hundred miles of pijpe, to pour its healthful streams into 
every dwelling; her 15,000 lamps, which like twmkling 
stars illuminate her 700 streets ; her various railways 
stretching out of the city in all directions, and carrying to 
and fro four millions of passengers every year ; her twenty- 
five ferries, transporting daily across her two rivers, and 
down the bay, nearly 200,000 persons, while her street rail- 
ways carry some sixty million passengers yearly — when 
we consider all these elements of greatness and power, 
surely every one of us can say with truth, " /am a citizen 
of no mean city.'''' 

But these elements of material greatness, grand though 
they be, and creditable as they are to our history, are not 
all that go to make up the glory of IS'ew York. 

The people of this country — and it is after all the people 
who make the country — were made of the richest material 
in the world. The best of the best races were sifted out in 
the providence of God, and reserved as the seed for the 
virgin soil of this western world. 

Of the first settlers on this island. Chancellor Kent has 
said that they "were grave, temperate, firm, persevering 
men, who brought with them the industry, the economy, 
the simplicity, the integrity, and the bravery of their 



THANKSGIVING DISCOURSE. 15 

Belgic sires, and with those virtues they also imported 
the lights of the Roman civil law and the purity of the 
Protestant faith." 

"To that period," he has said, "we are to look with 
chastened awe and respect for the beginning of our city, 
and the works of our primitive fathers." That conserva- 
tive element which they early introduced into New York 
society has- always existed, and been a power for good 
among us. To tlie original stock large contributions have 
been made of the Anglo-Saxon, the Celtic, the Teutonic, 
and Scandinavian races, each bringing its own individual 
contributions to society, and making a mosaic poxDulation, 
which is now in process of assimilation, and which we have 
reason to hope and believe will yet result in a substantial, 
harmonious, and vigorous unity. 

Cosmopolitan as our city is, and must be, there is no 
necessary antagonism in our varied elements, and as we 
come to know each other better, each will understand and 
appreciate the other, and the sharp corners of each will be 
rounded by friendly attrition. 

There must be mutual forbearance and consideration, and 
fau' dealing and concession to each other' s old habits and 
prejudices, and we shall gradually fuse into a homogeneous 
and united people. 

We, who are the original settlers here, have already found 
that there is a great deal more in our German friends than 
a love for Sunday concerts and an unlimited capacity for 
beer. We see in them a vast deal of solid thrift, of profound 
learning, of domestic vii'tue, of commercial skill, of sound 
good sense, and an indomitable love of freedom. 

In our Irish fellow- citizens we find something more than 
wit and whiskey ; we find genius and cheerful hopefulness, 
and patient industry, and a wonderful capacity for organi- 
zation, and many fine domestic and social qualities. 

The noble sons of New England are of course among us, 
sharp, energetic, progressive, indejjendent, everywhere push- 
ing into the front rank of our merchants, of our scholars, of 
our teachers, of our inventors, of our professional men, of 
our poets, and of our artists. 

New York society is indeed somewhat mixed, but the in- 



16 THA]S"KSGIVI]S"G DISCOURSE. 

gredients are all good of tlieir kind, and when they have 
been thoroughly stirred and have time to settle, the result 
will be a grand fellowship of all true elements of generous 
thought, and noble purpose, and lofty life, and great 
achievement for the city, the country, and the world. It is 
a great thing to be a citizen of such a city. It involves 
serious duties and resj)onsibilities. 

We need intelligence, virtue, piety, to hold us together 
and make us a permanent power for good. Honors and 
privileges always involve corresponding obligations. New 
York stands on a high pinnacle before the world, and while 
to be one of her sons is to be " a citizen of no mean city,'' 
it is also to be a man who is bound to prove himself worthy 
of his native or adopted home. It is no small thing to be a 
citizen of a city like this, in the nineteenth century. 

When Henry Hudson dropped anchor in the beautiful 
bay of Manhattan, a new page was opened in the history of 
the world. The foregoing centuries had been busy with 
great preparation, and from as far back as 1215, when King 
John signed the Magna Charta at Runny mede, the prin- 
ciples of constitutional freedom had been struggling to assert 
themselves in the world, and gain a stage on v>^hich to dis- 
play and illustrate their beauty and their grandeur, and 
they found it here ? Little as he thought of it, the captain 
of the Half -Moon came to these shores in company with 
the ruling spirits of the modern ages. 

These were Columbus with the mariner's compass, and 
Guttenberg with the printing press, and Luther with a free 
Bible, and Bacon with the Novum Organon of science, com- 
ino- to this virgin territory to organize a new age and recon- 
struct a new state, and to found at the mouth of this noble 
river a city whose progress should eclipse that of any city, 
whether on the banks of the Thames, the Ehine, the Seine, 
the Danube, or the Tiber— a great metropolis of commerce, 
of literature, of science, and of religion. Look, then, at 
her wonderful history, consider her matchless elements of 
power, estimate properly her beauties and her deformities, 
appreciate thoroughly her duties and her dangers, and 
prove yourselves worthy to be " citizens of no mean city." 

Discard not the conservatism of the old while you glory 



THANKSGIVING DISCOURSE. .17 

in tlie progress of the new. Never change the base which 
the fathers laid with faith and prayer, while you carry the 
superstructure of modern civilization higher than they ever 
dreamed of. Welcome all the races of the world to your 
generous fellowship, but see that they learn to build with 
us on the same old foundations of intelligence and Chris- 
tianity, the Bible and the Sabbath, whose solid and enduring 
strength we have proved so well. 

Labor and pray that this great city, in the language of 
another, may be "not only the capital of the world, but 
the city of God ; its great park, the central ground of noble 
fellowship ; its great wharves and markets, the seats of hon- 
orable industry and commerce ; its public halls, the head- 
quarters of free and order-loving Americans ; its churches^ 
the shrines of that blessed faith and love that join man to 
man, and give free communion with God and Heaven." '■■ 

For mj^self, I count it an honor to call this city my native 
place. As St. Paul felt that he was "a citizen of no mean 
city," so do I feel ; and although I know that New York is 
not without her faults and her dangers, there are neverthe- 
less elements of greatness and glory here that may well ex- 
cite our gratitude, our admiration, and our hope. 

Let us indulge in no weak despondency as to her future. 

Let us not be afraid tliat corruption, luxury, and misrule 
will triumph over the solid strength of character, the stub- 
born integrity, the sound good sense, the true patriotism, 
and the sincere piety which characterize so many of her 
citizens. 

Let us go from this service of thanksgiving to-day, feeling 
that we have much, very much, to be grateful for in the 
history and progress of this imperial cit}^ 

Partisan politics may change, and the names of adminis- 
trations may be this or that, but the great heart of the peo- 
ple will yet be true to the city and to its destiny. There is 
too much that is really great and good concentrated here 
not to give us every hope for the future. 

Let us be true to the memory and the counsels of those 
who have gone before us ; true to the advantages which a 

* Rev. Dr. Osgood's Discourse before the New York Historical Society, 1865. 
2 



18 THANKSGIVING DISCOURSE. 

kind Providence lias given ns ; true to that God who led 
our fathers here, and has always been with their children, 
and no tongue can tell what this city of ours may yet be 
and do as a great power for good in this western world. 

Future historians may well go to Holy Writ for their 
words of fit description, and call her, as ancient Tyre is 
called by the prophet, " The crowning city, whose merchants 
were princes, whose traffickers were the honorable of the 
earth ; " or better still, apply to her the words of the Psalm- 
ist, "Beautiful for situation, the joy of the whole earth, is 
the city of the great king ! God is known in her palaces 
for a refuge ! ' 



JOHN R TROW & SON, 

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OUR 

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HOME SCIENCE 

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About the First of January, 1875, 

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Will issue a Quarto Miscellany, filled with short interesting- and instructive 
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SOMETHINQ PLEASANT 



TO READ ABOUT, TO THINK ABOUT, 

TO HEAR ABOUT, TO TALK ABOUT, 

SOMETHING PLEASANT TO KNOW AND TO DO. 



Suppose that Mv. Stewart or some other 
rich, reliable man sliould say to the reader: 
"I have, through my lawyer and banker, 
provided that whenever you die your heirs 
shall receive five, ten, or twenty thousand 
dollars, for which no consideration is de- 
manded, nor will any be accepted." 

Would not that Jje pleasant to hear, to 
think, to tallc aiout? 

Or if he should say : " If you live until a 
given date, you shall receive five, ten, or 
twenty thousand dollars, " would not that 
be pleasant ? 

Would not almost every man accept 
either or both propositions with satisfac- 
tion? Would not his whole family unite 
their prayers for blessings on the head of 
their benefactor ? 

There cannot, then, be any doubt about 
the desirability of having a provision of a 
respectable sum of money made for a man's 
family in case of his early death, nor for 
himself if he lives until the years of need. 
The Question. 

The question is not, then, of the desira- 
bility, but solely in regard to the cost and 
the security. 

In fact, these two things, to provide for 
one's own family in the early occurrence of 
the dreaded contingency of every life, and 
to provide for one's own time of need, are 
the great stimulants to the chief part of the 
hard work of mankind. 

To earn our daily bread requires effort 
and prevision ; still more work of muscle 
and brain is needed to store up for old age, 
and to provide for a dependent family a 
resource in case of the unexpected death of 
tlieir "bread-winner." 

To store for advanced years is the work 
of time, industry and economy. But 
the effect of our early taking off can be fully 



provided against neither by intelligent in- 
dustry nor the most scrupulous economy. 
Time 

is an essential element in the accumulation 
which premature decease terminates. 

Riches, then, must be inherited, received 
by other donations, or else some temp<»- 
rary expedient must be invented, 
which shall give to the family a correspond- 
ing resource in case of the untimely decease 
of the one upon whom it is dependent. 

The sole questions are — Does the expe- 
dient exist ? Is it not too costly ? Is it cer- 
tainly secure ? 
Important Consideration. 

First, we argue that it should bo sought 
more on account of the man than on account 
of his family ; to give him that tone and 
freedom from anxiety which makes labor 
light and most productive, to reward him 
with a joy above all others to the true man, 
a provision for his family ; and to prevent 
his feeling a necessity for a parsimonious 
economy lest, ere the family is provided for, 
the dread contingency shall occur ; for in 
this case he does not expend as liberally as 
will be for the good of his growing fami- 
ly, or for his own welfare ; to exjjend judi- 
ciously is quite as important as to econo- 
mize judiciously; spendthrifts need the lat- 
ter counsel. , But the man who finds his 
highest satisfaction in the most self-denying 
economy, because it tends to provide for his 
family, is worthy of being rewarded by the 
use of an expedient wliich will provide for 
his family in case of the necessity, and also 
permit him to exjjend what is necessary for 
their and his present and also future good 
and highest enjoyment. 
There is an Expedient. 

It is only intended to be temporary, dur- 
ing that part of the productive period of a 



mans life, while liis family is jrrowing, and 
before the time has sufficed to harvest the 
store which his industry and economy will 
provide — or until the maturity of his family 
has made them no longer dependants upon 
him, but changed them into his willing sup- 
porters, if need be. 
What is desired. WJiat not. 

It is not desired nor intended to relieve 
man from labor, but to make it easier and 
more productive; not to dispense with 
economy, only to relieve its stringency ; it 
is not a gambling nor speculative expedient, 
a creative power producing wonders out of 
nothing, nor emptying one man's pocket to 
fill that of another; it is no scheme; no 
consolation to the lazy ; no means to aid 
wickedness in any form. It is desirable for 
the use and the blessing of tlie industrious, 
tlic economical, the worthy, and as a relief 
to over-arduous labors, to over-much anx- 
iety, and as a reward to noljle motives. 
Who can enjoy it. Why, 

It can be enjoyed only in the precise ratio, 
in the exact measure, which he who uses it 
deserves. He who feels much for his fam- 
ily enjoys much when tlieir protection is 
made certain ; he who has no anxiety about 
his family deserves none and can have none 
of the joy the other feels ; the gift of a 
Stewart, realizable at his death, would send 
no lightning thrill through his nerves ; there 
is a difference between the wicked and the 
righteous, an impassable gvdf. 

What is the Expedient ? How Used. 

It is very simple. Several persons agree 
to coutriljute a certain small amount called 
a premium, to a common treasury yearly 
during a given period, in consideration 
that if, during that period, any person shall 
die, a given lai'ge amount shall ])e paid from 
the treasury to whomsoever the i^arty de- 
ceased has designated. 

Hotv Know the Cost. 

It is evident, that if one out of a thousand 
persons dies in a year, and each of tho thou- 
sand persons has paid one dollar, there will 
be just $1,000 contributed by the brother- 
hood to pay the designated recipient. 



If two die, two dollars must have been 
contributed by each of the tliousand, in or- 
der to have .$1,000 in tlie treasury to pay 
to each of the two parties designated. 

For Every Death per Thousand 

the "net," or death cost, premium must 
be $1.00. If there are five deaths the " net " 
premium must be $5.00. If the deaths are 
ten per thousand persons, the "net" pre- 
miums must be $10.00. 

But the other expenses of doing the busi- 
ness are considerable, and for them a sum 
called loading must be added to the net 
premium, the two together constituting the 
entire or gross or oflice or table premium. 

The Cost Evident. 

It is evident that tlie cost must be depend- 
ent upon the number of deaths per thou- 
sand persons, and the expenses of doing the 
business. If the deaths are very few, the 
contribution of a small sum severally from 
many will yield a large sum to each of the 
deceased without burdening any. But if 
the rate of deaths is large the contributions 
must be also so large that the expedient will 
be too costly to work well. 

The deatlis among the younger ages, uj) 
to past the prime of life, are few ; above that 
period they grow rapidly more numerous 
as old age comes on. 

Fortunate Clrciunstance. 

But, as seen, the expedient is as a rule 
needed only (liiriiig^ tlic eau'lios' years, 
when the ratio of death is small, and 

Avhen the preniiumis are therefore a!so 

small and can be well afforded )jy most. 
Grand Question Affecting Cost. 

Shall the cost be considered as that of in- 
suring all in the community ? There must 
then be a law compelling all to unite in the 
brotherhood: otlierwise the best risks will 
not come in, while the inferior risks will be 
sure to take advantage of the provision and 
make the cost so high that it would not 
work. This proves that when we are reckon- 
ing the cost of the expedient, it is essential 
to consider something besides age. 
Hotv Diminish Death Hates. 

It may be said that the persons admit- 



ted to the brotlierhood should be in sound 
health. That is what is said in certain old 
plans; and those only who are sound being 
received, the numl)er of dying per year ought 
to be somewhat diminished. 

But of those sound to-day, several will 
be sick ere the year is out — some to death, 
— some to getAvell; and of those sick to- 
day, most will be well ere six months are 
past. The question is, then, still farther — 
What will prevent sickness and deatli? 
"We find that those who are intelligent 
in regard to care of health, who have a 
good residence, good vocation, good habits, 
will promote their health, prevent untimely 
death, and reduce the cost of the desirable 
expedient. But again we find that of two 
persons who are noticed, one, who is not as 
good in the respects before mentioned as 
the other, lives the longer, and appears a 
contradiction to what has just been said. 
Important 'Reason. 

Upon examination we find that the longer- 
lived had a better original constitution 
tlian the shorter-lived one. 
Most Important Question of all. 

Can we determine, to any practical de- 
gree, the probable endurance of the human 
constitution ? Most certainly ; and thus we 
again lower the cost to those having great 
probable viability, or power of living, both 
immediately and for many years. 

Signs and Indications 

of the probable lengtli of any life are 
numerous, and the observations of many 
experts are making them more numerous 
every day. One of the surest sources of 
sound judgment in this matter is the physi- 
cal measures, of the 

Size, Form, Color, and Texture 

of the observable parts of the body. But 
a most excellent trail is to be found in 
the ancestry and correlative branches of 
a person. If poverty of blood be found 
therein, it is almost certain to carry a 
taint to the person observed ; but, on the 
other hand, however good the ancestry, it is 
not always true, more than of ancestral 
riches, that it passes at all by inheritance, 



and certainly not in equal ratio to all of 
the descendants. 

"We must, therefore, always rely upon the 
absolute coiiclitioii§ of tlic consti- 
tution of each person for our judgment 
upon its capabilities, and must apply our- 
selves to learn what the indications of these 
absolute conditions are. 

Tlius do we bring down the cost of use- 
ing the expedient to its lowest point for the 
very best risks, viz., those who show the best 

Ancestry, Constitution, 

Habits, Vocation, Residence, 
Intelligence, Instincts, Health, 

and whatever else, if else there be, which 
affects the probabilities of life. 

To such the cost of the expedient will be 
so small that they can much better afford to 
use it than to go witliout it. On account of 
the freedom from anxiety that it induces 
more additional labor will be performed by 
a thousand best grade persons than will 
suflice for the cost of insuring all of them. 
IJJVTIIi NINE YEARS AGO AVHEiV THE 

American Popular Life 

■\\^AS ORGANIZED, 
there was no tliorougSa gradin;^ of each 
liferisTi in accordance with its own merits or 
demerits, but there was a general aver- 
aging togetlier of all who, being sound, 
passed a mere medical examination ; some 
who had some extra hazard of residence, 
vocation, health, etc., being graded up or 
charged an " extrapi'emium,'''' which amoimts 
to the same thing. But as yet 

The American Po2>nlar 

is the only Company in the icorld which 
adopts the plan, originated by itself, to 
grade down the best risJiS according 
to the merits of each. Being, therefore, 

THE ONLY COMPANY IN TJTE. WORLD WHICH 13 
THE BEST FOK THE BEST BISKS. 

It is the sole Company wliich does this ; 
not because the idea is not allowed to be 
good by other companies, but because they, 
having started with the old averaging plan, 
if they should adojat the method of grading 



according to risk, as in Fire and Marine has 
always been done, the best risks insured 
already at average premiums would drop 
out, and go in again on terms more favor- 
able to tlu-m, Avliile tin? inferior risks 
would stay. Those old companies must 
try and make the good risks stay with the in- 
ferior, until at least the good risks find out 
the correct idea, and will go where they are 
more scientifically and equitably insured at 
their proper cost. 

To keep them as long as possible, it is a 
strong point to pooh-pooh the idea of grad- 
ing, and in every way prevent the falling 
out of their best risks. Hence the reasons 
why all the companies and all their agents 
have been " down " on the 

American Jfopulav Life Plan. 

Let the best risJcs see by that very fact 
which company it is for theu* interest to 
patronize. 

This is the Whole of True, Fare, 

hife Insur.-nire. 

Is it not simple 'i Is it not interesting '? Is 
it not easily comjorehended ? Is it not usable 
to the advantage of those who need it ? 

Those who have acquired or liave inherit- 
ed a sufficiency do not need it ; at any cost 
it is too costly for them. To those who 
have too great a liability to die. it will be 
too costly ; the expedient is inexpedient 
for them. To those having no one depend- 
ing upon them it is not a need nor an advan- 
tage ; at any price it is too costly for them. 
To all others it is a blessing. 

What to Avoid, 

We may here say that this is the form of 
Life Insurance which underlies every kind 
that is so-called. The number of deaths per 
year and the business expenses determine the 



yearly cost, which must always be paid 
cither when due or before it is due. Never 
pay f(jr life insurance in advance. There 
are many complex additions made to the 
simple form mentioned above, under the 
pretense of benefiting the assured, but which 
are, in fact, for the purpose of benefiting 
only the Company, by obtaining more pre- 
mium-money or by diminishing the assur- 
ance ; the assured can only be beiielited Ijy 
having the preuiiunis diuiiiiislted or 
the assurance increased legitimately. 

Have iiotliin<>: to do witli any of tlie 
gaiiibliiiu' tlevices made attraotive by 
laliiie deluding proiuiscs. 8Jso in all 
cases only a 

"Term-Life" (Labor-Teum) Insurance, 

" NoRJL^x OR Natural Premiums " 

(WITH Returns). 

It IS THE best, for the best Risks to 
BE Graded according to P.ts::. 

T/ic Grading and Hating costs nothing. 

Send or call at 419-421 Broadway for 
a Preliminary Blank. 

It «ill take but a pleasant lialf liour 
any cveiiin" to flU it; return it to tlie 
office witli postage stamp, and t!ic grad- 
ing, and rating will be sent gratis. Bt 
is of value to any party, even if not 
wanting insurance. The family history 
and personal description are »l' use to 
tlie company sufficient to compensate 
for its trouble. 

If insurance is then wanted a medical and 
other blanks must be filled. Tiie whole 
transaction can l)e satisfactorily done by 
mail, as it often is. 

Tlie agents of this company are instructed 
that no jierson should be annoyed nor im- 
portuned, hence any one may call without 
hesitation. 



The Expedient Fidl and Comitlete. 

The Object.— 1. The reward of fidelity, by relieving the mind from anxiety, and in its 
stead giving a light and joyous heart, and a more skilful hand. 

2. The protection of dependent ones, by continuing to them, in case of his c'eath, the 
income enjoyed during his hfe. Those, therefore, who when livhig give their families the 
largest support, should secure the most Assurance. 

Should industry and economy store up the necessary reliance, the Assurance may be 
diminished; or if increasing family expenses demand more ample provision, the Assurance 
should be increased. 

4 



A Word to the 

Wife and Mother. 

She will perceive, if she lias attentively 
read tlie preceding, that the expedient has 
been wrongly named. It has nothing to do 
with insuring life, nor is it related to death 
in any direct way. It is simply a plain 

liiisiness 3Ioney Contract^ 

without any semblance of benevolence or 
of sentiment about it. The contract says 
nothing about continuing the husband to 
the wife, nor the father to the children. It 
cannot insure affection nor care. It merely 
insures the continuance of the pecuniary in- 
come in case of the decease of the " bread- 
winner," and it gives to liiiii freedom 
from anxiety. 

It is not only right that this income should 
be continued to the wife in virtue of her 
relationship, but certainly to the children, 
wliich right she has no right either to dis- 
claim, or to avoid enforcing:. 



Man a Property. His Valtie. 

The " bread-winner " is a property in one 
sense. What man, what woman, would al- 
low a house to be jeopardized by fire — or a 
ship by marine disasters, without using the 
expedient insurance? Why jeopardize the 
more important property — the income of 
the labor of a husband or a father — with- 
out insurance ? Insurance is as protective 
and as proper in the one case as in the other. 

A man who earns but $1.00 per day, oi 
$300.00 per year for las family, above liia 
own cost of subsistence, is to them a capital 
of $6,000, yielding 5 per cent. net. If he 
earn $1,000 for them, he is a $20,000 
capital, yielding 5 per cent. Are such 
families poor ? If not rich, they are well-to- 
do, and should hold their heads as high as if 
their capital was in stock, or houses, or ships. 
The only drawl>ack upon the property is its 
liability to the contingency of life ; re- 
move the pecuniary effects of that by secure 
Term-Life (Labor-Term) Insurance, Natural 
Premiums (with Returns), upon Graded 
Risks, and the income of their property 
becomes a periiiaiieiicy, and makes 
the family independent in case of Best 
Grade Risks, which can be covered for 
so small a premium that they can af- 
ford to pay premiums sufficient to insure 
tlie full amount that they yearly earn 
for their dependants during that pe- 
riod Avlien insurance is needed. 



An Important Might, 

It is also right that the "bread-winner" 
should do lais Avork most easily, and 

she certainly has no rjght, for the gratifica- 
tion of some present usually unimportant 
desire, to prevent the wise fruition of all 
those rights — her own, her children's, her 
husband's. It is as unwise as it is injudi- 
cious and wrong. 
Additional Points. 

Annual Income. — It is not usually best for the family to receive a large Assurance 
at once. It should, for their welfare, be paid in stated instalments, corresponding to their 
previous income. A smaller amount of Assurance may thus be made to cover the years of 
need. Ten thousand dollars at interest will yield but $700 annually ; but if the interest and 
principal be paid at the rate of $1,000 a year, it wUl usually last as long as absolutely needed : 
—$15,000 certainly will. Tlius tlic Income is secured. 

The money should not be held by the Company, but invested in Bond and Mortgage 
under the direction of the Probate Judge. This Company wUl do this, when requested, 
^vitliont cliarge. 

In case of Sickness. — A small additional premium may be paid — none of it to be 
used by the Company — and if the person is sick more than three months of the year, his 
premium wUl be paid from the fund thus provided. 

Income in case of Sickness for an entire year or more, may be provided by 
the payment of an additional small premium ; when the amounts annually payable to the 
family in case of his death will be paid, as long as they would have lasted to the family, if 
he remaiu sick so long. Does not this expedient provide a full income protection ? 

Is it not a good thing ? 

Send for Documents explaining fuUy each part, to the American Popular, 419-421, 
Broadway, N. Y. 




Life Tiistfvance rs a humbug, 
a siv indie.'' 

''Life Insurance is fJie greatest 
blessing ever invented." 

Can I?otli be True ? Yes. 

" IIow can that he ?" 
Ordinary so-called life insurance, nt best, 
is very inequitable ; usually for the most part 
speculative, gambling, and deceptive, and has 
no right to be called by that name, which it 
has disgraced. 

True, PURE Life Insurance is equitable, 
the best means of relieving anxiety, giving a 
peaceful mind in regard to the pecuniary pro- 
tection of a family, and worth much more 
than the cost to the probably Long-lived. 

The Insurance Journal of Hartford says, 
"In Illinois tlie death losses to the compa- 
nies are double, Kentucky more than double, 
! -" Michigan 50 pr. ct. more than in Connecticut." 

""', , What sense then, or equity, in making a 

^~l(f'ltit"it III'' '''' fi " -'^ New England best grade man pay the same 

premium as a person in tho?e states pays? 
Is it not an imposition upon him ? Tet the same premium is charged to all of the same 
age in every company, except in the 

AMERICAN POPULAR LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY. 

It alone Grades and Rates each person according to his individual 
probalMlities of living, — deduced from his 

Ancestry, Constitution, Habits, Vocation, 

Residence, Intelligence, Instincts, Health, Age, &c. 

thus giving to each person the advantage or disadvantage of his own peculiar life character- 
istics, greatly favoring the probably long-lived, which most of New England's sons are. 

To be grad-d and rated costs nothing ; is very useful, even if no insurance is wanted, f *'yf J^' 



-t ^ 



Least 
Cost : 



Term-Life (Labor-Term) Insurance—" Natural Premium" ; 



Most 

Secure. 



Hon. Oliver Pillsburt, K. H. Insurance Commissioner, unanimously allowed to be one of the 
most discreet and discerning of men, was the first of Commissioners to plainly state in a Keport tlie 
vahie of Term-Life lusiii-ance : He says, 

" A Term-life policy to tide over the uncertain results of business enterprises, or the period in which 
the family is dependent upon its natural supporter, viz. : before children arrive at a suitable age to pro- 
vide for themselves, is a valuable possession. This form of policy is commending itself to general favor." 

The recent Report of the Missouri Commissioner speaks equally strongly to the same point. 
Other companies — for good reasons — not being able to apply these ideas, so valuable to 
the probably long-lived, " make faces " and " call names " at this Company, and try to show 
that the more a man pays for even a poorer thing the better off he is. Let the probably long- 
lived hear what they say, but also get our documents, and then judge of the facts. 

Insurance can be made through the mail. If an agency is not near, send for Documents, 
(enclose stamp,) to American Popular Life, 419 & 421 Broadway, N. Y. 

T. S. Lambert, M.D., President. 

MoREAU Morris, M.D., Surg. -in-Chief. 

I Agent-in-Chief. 

i. B. F. BANCRorT, Treasurer. 

James Cruikshank, LL.D., Sec'y. 



exkcutive 
Board : 



f^" Remember that Insurance to 
the probably long-Umd costs less iu 
this Company than iu any other. 



DOREffiUS' PMENT RUBBER SPRING CHAIRS 

Are the most Comfortable and Durnhle that have ever been prorhiccd. These chairs are 
manufactured in great variet}-, and sold at wholesale and retail by 

PHELPS, DOREMUS & CORBETT, 

Near Broadway. ^^'4 d- 266 Canal Street, A^cw Tovk. 

The PATENT RUBBER SPRINGS are manufactured exclusively by 
WM. T. DOREMUS «&, CO., 266 Canal Street, New York, and by them 
Chair Makers, and the Trade generally, will be supplied with the Springs adapted 
for use on any chair. 

The Easy AKii-CnAiR, with "ANATOMICAL BACK," exactly fitting the 
small of the back and supporting every part of it perfectly, is the most desirable 
present that can be made to a gentleman, either for his oifice, library, or parlor. 



" Messrs. Phelps, Doremtjs k, Corbett. 

"Gentlemen— The ' Anatomical Back. "Rubber Spring, Arm Revolving Chair ' is the most 
comfortable and convenient of any chair that I have ever used. Respectfully, 

T. S.' Lambert," M.D. 
" 1 heartily concur in Dr. Lambert's recommendation. James Ckuikshank," LL.D. 

PIANOS AND OEGANS. 

S. X. BALL & CO., 

15 East Foiirteentli Sti-eet, ]Vcav "STork. 



GRAND, SQUARE AND UPRIGHT. CHICKERING'S, STEIN- 
WAY'S, S. X. BALL & CO.'S, AND OTHERS. 

PARLOR ORGANS, 

With and without Mechanical Attachment. 



T IsT ID TJ O JE live E ISr T S IF O E, C JL S H . 
On Installments and for Rent. 

PIANOS & ORGANS REPAIRED AT REASONABLE PRICES. 

HOLIDAY PRESENTS! 

Nothing is more comfortable in a home than a comfortable chair. Rattan chairs are comfortable. 
One of the most acceptable presents to a gentleman, is a RATTAN ARM-CHAIR. 
One of the most acceptable presents to a lady, is a RATTAN SEWING-CHAIR, 
I respectfully call the attention of the public to my superior 

RATTAN FURNITURE. 

They are of the most approved designs, and are not excelled for workmanship, durability, material and 
finish, by any in the market; and for comfort, they cannot be surpassed by even the best upholstered 
work. This Furniture is now universally approved, not only for the piazza, but for the sitting-room, 
library, reception-room and parlor. My prices are as low as can be afforded consistent with good 
q iility and workmanship. I am constantly manufacturing new designs, and feel contident that my 
efforts in this branch of business will meet with due aiipreciation. 

A LIBERAL DISCOUNT TO THE TRADE. 

Orders for furnishing Hotels, Summer /Residences and Private Dwellings, irromplhj attended to. 

Rattan Chairs, Settees, &c., made to order. 

(^~ Call and see our Samples, or send for a Circular showing by Cuts our Styles. 

E . NEWTON, 

Sept. 1st, 1874. o7-Z Pearl Street. 



^WILLIAM WOOD & COMPANY, 

PUBLISH ERS , 
27 GREAT JONES STREET, NEW YORK. 

PRINCIPLES OF PHYSIOLOGY. Designed for 

the Use of .Schocls, Academics, Colleges, and the General Reader. Comprising a familiar 
e.vp'anation of Ihc .Structure and Functions of the Organs of Man, illustrated by comparative 
reference to thoie of the Inferior Animals. Also, an Essay on the Preservation of Health. 15y 
J. CoMsrocK and H. M. Comings, M.D. 
A quaito, with fourteen quarto plates, over eighty engravings on wood, in all 
nearly two hundred figures. Colored, $3.00; Uncolored, $2.25. 



SYSTEMATIC HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY, ANA- 
TOMY AND HYGIENE. Being an Analysis and Synthesis of 
the Human System, with Practical conclusions. Many new and 
complete illustrations. By T, S. Lambert, M.D., LL.I). 

{For fifteen years titc Professor and Lecturer upon these subjects in nuincrons 
standard institutions ihrougJunct the land : Pitti field, Claverack, etc., etc., Author 
of works upon '■^Longevity,'''' also of the '■'■Science of Biometry" " Food for the 
Brail!,'''' and various other Books -upon kindred sidfects.) 

In one handsome large lamo volume, of 450 pages, illustrated by numerous 
fidl-page plates, and several hundred fine wood engravnigs. LSound in half 
roan, muslin sides. Price $1.50. 

This is the first instance in wliich an attempt has been made to produce an 
Analytic and .Synthetic classification of the parts of the Human Body. The atte.npt 
has been successful, and the work is made a classic on that account ; the method is 
natural, rigidly correct and complete, and therefore is and must remain tlie standard. 

This wholly new method is found to be very interesting in itself, presenting new 
views of the relations of the parts of the body, while tlieir intention and structure 
are thus made much more easy to learn, to understand, and to remember. 



Chap. I. — Of Man into Muid and Body. 
Chap. 2. — Of Body into Six Natural Divisions. 
Chap. 3. — Of Divisions into Two Mechanisms. 
Chap. 4. — Of Mechanisms into Ten Apparatus. 
Chap. 5. — Of Apparatus into Thirty-nine kinds of 

Organs. 
Chap. 6. — Of Organs into Si.xTissue.s ; 14 Liquids. 
Chap. 7. — Of Tissues into Thirteen Elements. 
Chap 8. — Review, etc. 



SYJSTXHESIS. 

Chap. I. — Of Elements into .Six Tissues. 

Chap. 2. — Of Tissues into Thirty-nine kinds ol 

Organs. 
Chap. 3. — Of Organs into Ten Apparatus. 
Chap. 4. — Of Apparatus into Two Mechanisms. 
Chap. 5. — Of Mechanisms into Six Divisions. 
Chap. 6. — Of Divisions into the Body. 
Chap. 7.— Of Body and Mind into Man. 
Chap. 8. — Review, etc. 



/// this book there -will be found a chart which synoptically presents the whole 
subject under the eye at once, affording a pleasure and an instruction that can be 
appreciated only by an inspection. {Enlarged for class or public ttse.) 

" Much of the practical value of this work and chart, and of their fascinating inter- 
est, is due to the r:Uional order of presentation. Physiology being made, as ii ought, 
to precede Anaiomy; for as the Author justly says : 'Functions are not performed 
because certain parts e.\ist ; but conditional parts exist because (in the perfection of 
the human economy) certain functions must be performed.' 

" Subjects also should be studied under divisions and .sub-divisions made in accor- 
dance with the purposes or uses for which the different parts of the body are designed, 
and thus arc clearly shown the relations of all the parts, each to the other, to the 
whole body and to the mind." 

LAMBERT'S ANATOMICAL PLATES. Six in 

set. Figures three feet long, handsomely colored, mounted on 
rollers. Price $15.00; or in sheets, S9.00. 

Plate [. Anterior plane of the skeleton, showing 



the ligaments on the left side and large arteries of 
arm and I=g. 

Plate II. Lateral plane. Superficial and deep 
mus;:lcs. Muscles of the os hyoides. 

Plate III. Posterior plane. Studies of the 
gin-lions and their nerves. Studies of the fifth 
and seventh cerebral pairs. 



Plate IV. Physics of light and vision. 

Plate V. Anterior plane. Subcutaneous veins, 
and deep vessels. 

Plate VI. Trunk, front walls removed, showing 
thoracic and abdominal viscera. Diaphragm. 
Horizontal and Perpendicular section of lung- 
and heart. 



SEWING MACHINE INDUSTRY. 



The development of tlie Sewing Machine Industry has con- 
tributed its share to the prosperity of New York, as illustrated 
by the Wheeler & Wilson Sewing Machine Company. 

At the various World Exhibitions in London, Paris, and 
Vienna, the highest prizes have been awarded to tliem as well 
as in JVew York. This city has therefore the credit of leading 
the world in this industry. 

The growth of the Se^ving Machine industry illustrates the 
rapid develojiment of useful inventions in our country, and the 
especial disposition of New Yorkers to favor and accept them. The 
number of Machines made by this Company now exceeds 1,000,000, 
produced latterly at the rate of one a minute of the ten hours of 
a working day, and they are familiarly known throughout the 
civilized world as coming from New York. 

The new quarters to which this Company is about removing 
— No. 44, 14th Street, Union Square — are unsurpassed for beauty 
and convenience, by any business house in the world. It is an 
honor to them, and is in keeping with their position in the indus- 
trial and commercial world. 

Their faith in the business is illustrated not only by theii 
sumptuous building on Union Square, but by their new No. 6 
Sewing Machine, upon which they have already expended more 
than $300,000. Of it the five judges of the American Institute 
unanimously report : " A. machine which, hy the proof submitted^ 
we are satisfied must eventually supersede all others now known 
with tvhich it comes in competition," and they recommend for 
THE Wheeler & Wilson New No. 6 Machine the highest 

AWARD which IT IS IN THE POWER OF THE INSTITUTE TO BESTOW. 



PUBLICATIONS OF THE 

American Popular Life Insurance Company, 

SENT FREE TO ANY ADDRESS (WITH STAMP). 
LA TEST. 

SANITARY TRACTS, for General Distribixtion : 

No. 1.— Introduction. 1. Moths in the Candle : Licentiousness, Intemperance. 2. Anotlicr 
Motli : Gamhlins. 3. Tobacco. 

(ThoiMandsof thin have been already circulated and read ; called nnanimoushj the 
most interesting and vsefvl writing tliat has ever been issued from any pi'ess. A copy 
should be in every family, and read by every person.) 

No. 3.— Causes, etc., Typhoid Fever. (Preparing.) 

No. 3 (In Prets.) Alcohol Not a Food. By the celebrated Dr. Edmi'nds, of England. 

GENERA!. CIRCULAR. MMth complete Tables. CONTENTS : 1.— WHY INSURE ? 
2.— WHAT IS LIFE INSURANCE ? 3.— HOW INSUEE ? 4.— WHERE INSURE ? 

5.— WHEN INSURE ? 6.— WHO SHOULD INSUTIE ? 

Dr. Morris' Annual Report, and Dr. Iiaiiibert on Medical E.xamination. 

Dr. Morris' Ouarterly Report, (1874.) 

Xife is a Property. 

Eabor-Terni Insurance. 

Perfected Plan of the American Pojjular. 

Biometry ; or the Science and Art of Measuring Probalile Lifetimes. 

Anecdotes of Old People. American. 32 pages. 

" " " Modern European. 32 pages. 

" " " Ancient. 8 pages. 

Causes and Indications of Longevity. By Benjamin Rush, M. D., (First publi.slied in 

.1783.) 12 pages. 
Prize Essay : — Relations of Different Professions and Vocations to Longevity. 

64 pages. 
Prize Essay : — Relations of Temperance and Intemperance to Life Insurance. 

16 pages. 
Treatise on the Methods of Attaining a Long Life. By Lewis Cornaro, a noble Vene- 
tian, written when he was 83 to 06. 24 pages. 
Lord Bacon on Longevity. 24 pages. 
Rush, on Old Age. 

Criticism on Insurance, and Reply. 16 pages. 
Longevity and Compound Interest. 16 pages. 

Report of Hon. A. AV. Paine, Insurance Commissioner of Maine. 16 pages. 
Lambert's Chart of Physiology, Anatomy, and Hygiene. 
Lambert's Lectures on Insurance. 1st and 2d scries. 12 pages. 
Tendencies of Insurance La'ws. How the laws may malce a weak Company <7/|?;e«?' strong, 

and a strong Company weak. 
Lecture to Yovmg People. By tlie celebrated Dr. Waterhouse, (1804,) j^';^emperancb and 

Tobacco. ^'^ 

American System of Insurance. (Leaflet). 12 pages. 
Plans and Methods of the American Popular. (Leaflet). 12 pages. 
LONGEVITY. A New and Remarkable Work in two parts. Bound in Flexible Cloth. Sent 

postpaid. $1.00. m Tg 

las CONTENTS, PART L "^ 

1. An Exposition of the Laws of Life, Exhibited in Inheritance, witli Personal Indications of Lon- 

gevity. T. S. Lambert, M. D., New Y'ork. 

2. Physical Signs of Longevity in Man : Prize Essays by John H. Griscom, M. D., New Y'ork, and 

J. V. C. Smith, M. D., Boston. 

3. Brief Remarks upon Medical Examinations. C. L. Hubbell, M. D., Troy. 

CONTENTS, PAET H. 
1. Practical Relations of "Biometry" (the Measure or Span of Life — a New Philosophy) to Life 

Insurance, explaining the necessity for, and origin of, the new methods of equalizing Premiums 

and Insurance, and of thoroughly grading and rating the insured. 
■? Plain and interesting answers to the questions : What is Insurance ? What is Life Insurance ? 

What are the Best Methods of Insurance ? By T. S. Lambert, M. D., Pres't, and Fred. Shou 

nard, (formerly) Sec'y. 



*^i x«\^i^\jr\^oo 



014 221 658 9 i§ 



ADVEETISEMENT. 



We were eo much pleased with the Rermon of the llev. Doctor Rogers that we 
have obtained the privilege of publishing it, with the intent of giving it a very 
extended reading; and, for the purpose of enabling all those who think as we do 
of the justness of his views and the eloquence with which he presents them, to 
aid iu this laudable work, we have arranged to furnish the discourse at so low a 
price that all patriotic men, or women, can gratify their feehngs of pride in our 
goodly city by presenting a hundred or a thousand to friends outside as well as 
within the city. 

The mercantile prosperity of our great city is to a degree retarded by the 
erroneous ideas impressed in various ways upon our country cousins and upon the 
citizens of other cities. 

If every clergyman would emulate the example so wisely set by the Rev. Dr. 
Rogers, and would discourse occasionally upon the topic that he has illustrated so 
well, not only our proper pride would be cultivated but our commercial values 
would be increased. 

If our newspapers and other journals which are not in the ranks of politics 
would be careful not to " foul their o^vn nests," it would be better. 

After a long and more varied business-life than most men enjoy in New York, 

though not native to it, we can truly say, from our extensive transactions with 

men of every class, that whUe in enterprise (which too often is associated with a 

depressed moral sense) New York is unexampled ; in iutegrity and also in all the 

manly virtues, her citizens are the peers of the citizens of any other city in the 

■vorld. 

U. S. PUBLISHING CO., 

13 University Place. 



MAY BE OBTAINED OP 

ROBERT CARTER .|- BROTHERS, 530 BROADWAY. 

E. P. DUTTOJV S- CO., 713 BROADWAY. 

And of all Booksellers. 

Price, $5.00 per hundred. 



